What are Consonants? Definition and Examples

by | Jul 9, 2025 | English Vocabulary

Consonants form the strong framework of words in English. Understanding consonants will improve your pronunciation, spelling, and writing. If you have already learned about vowels, this article will complete your knowledge by focusing on consonants, the letters that work with vowels to build all English words.

Table of Contents

What are Consonants?

Consonants are the letters and sounds in English that are produced by blocking or restricting airflow using the tongue, lips, teeth, or throat. Unlike vowels, consonants are not voiced with an open vocal tract.

In the English alphabet, there are 21 consonant letters:

B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, Y, Z

Note: The letter Y is a special case. It can act as a consonant (as in yes) or as a vowel (as in happy) depending on its sound.

The 21 Consonants Letters

Let’s look at all the consonant letters in the alphabet:

B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, Y, Z

Each of these letters represents one or more consonant sounds in spoken English. For example:

  • B as in ball
  • M as in moon
  • T as in table

Voiced vs Voiceless Consonants

Consonants can be voiced or voiceless, depending on whether your vocal cords vibrate when saying them.

Voiced Consonants

Your vocal cords vibrate. 

Examples:

  • /b/ in bat
  • /d/ in dog
  • /v/ in van
  • /z/ in zoo

Voiceless Consonants

No vibration in your vocal cords.

Examples:

  • /p/ in pen
  • /t/ in top
  • /f/ in fish
  • /s/ in sun

Practicing these can help you improve your pronunciation. Learn more in How to Improve English Pronunciation.

Conclusion

Consonants are the backbone of English words. They give structure and shape to how words sound and are spelled. By understanding consonant letters and sounds, you will be able to read, write, and speak more clearly. 

Therefore, practice voicing, blending, and spelling with consonants, and pair this knowledge with your understanding of vowels to boost your overall language skills.

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